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图表写作讲义(三)
作者:英语写作中心   发布时间:2015-09-19 20:05:55   访问量:
 

图表写作讲义(三)

第三节 图表作文常用句型

  1.表示“说明”的句子结构及常用动词

  在说明示意图、曲线图、表格时,要使用下列表示“说明”的句子结构,它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处,有效地将你要说的话带出来。

  The table/chartdiagramgraph shows (that)...

  The figuresstatistics show (that)...

  The diagram showsdescribesillustrates how...

  According to theAs (is) shown in theAs can be seen from the table/chart,diagram,graph,figures, ...

  It can be seen from theWe can see from theIt is clearapparent from thetable/chartdiagramgraphfigures (that)...

  除了上述动词show, describeillustrate以外,常用在图表报告导言部分中表示说明的动词还有:display, exhibit, indicate, reflect, represent, reveal, unfold etc.

  在图表报告的导言部分,考生经常会用到表示“说明”的句子结构,有效使用下列结构,可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处,同时帮助作者将要说的语言简意赅地表达出来。

  ①主谓宾结构

  The table/chartdiagramgraph shows (that)...

  其中动词show,还可以用下列常见动词替换,帮助考生扩展取词范围。

  describe, display, exhibit, indicate, illustrate,

  reflect, represent, reveal, summarize, unfold;

  ②用“it 作形式主语的结构

  It can be seen from the table/chartgraph diagram that...

  It is apparent clearobvious evident from the

  table graph figure that

  这种结构在英语中常用来表示一个事实,语气上显得更客观、更平实。

  ③用第一人称复数引入所要说明的信息

  We can seeconclude find from the table/chartdiagram graph figure that...在这使用这种结构时,考生必须格外注意,在图表作文中不能使用第一人称单数。

  ④用关系代词“as”引入所要说明的信息。

  As (is) shown in theAs can be seen from the

  chart graph diagram table that...

  使用这一结构可以使句式更为复杂多变,同时可以使语言较为客观。

  2 表示“静态数据”的句子结构

  ①在数据统计时,表示“有”“占”“是”“适到”等意义时,常用的动词和结构有have/be/reach/hit/etc.

  常用的短语动词有:

  take up/account for/peak at/bottom at etc.

  Examples are as follows:

  AustraliaandUKboth had 10%.澳大利亚和英国都占10%。

  The Chinese had the largest percentage of market share.中国人所占市场份额最大。

  Altogether 50% of the candidates were from the New Oriental School.总共有百分之五十的考生来自新东方学校。

  Thailandaccounted for 10% of the logging industry in world market.泰国伐木业占世界市场份额的百分之十。

  There were more males than females (10% and 5% respectively).男的比女的多(男女比例分别为百分之十和百分之五)。

  ②表示分数/倍数时常用的句型有:

  School A hasalmostnearly

  approximately aboutjust overover a (one)a (one)a (one)quarter ofthird ofhalf of the (total) number of students.

  three quarters of almostnearlyapproximatelyaboutover a quarterhalfthree quarterstwicethree times as many studentsas much spaces School B

  School Ahas about approximately precisely exactly the same number proportion amount of students space as school B

  3 表示“数据变化趋势”的句子结构

  ①在图表报告中,表示数据增加趋势的句子结构及常用替换词汇。

  a.用动词+副词的结构

  The number of family cars increased suddenly in the year 1999.

  (99年度家庭轿车的数量陡然增加。)

  绝大多数中国考生对这个结构比较亲切,可是使用起来又觉得死板,并且经常要重复关键的词汇。下面我们给大家列举一些表示“增加”的同义动词,帮助大家避免重复。

  increase/climb/grow/rise/soar/jump/leap/swell etc.

  double/triple/recover;

  另外还有短语动词:

  shoot up/go up/reach as high as etc.

  b.“形容词+名词”用在There+be句型中

  There was a significant jump in the number of participants.

  (参与者的数量有一个明显的上升。)

  There is a steady increase in the price of this product.

  (该产品的市价在稳步上升。)

  考生应当注意的是英语中词性很活、许多动词都可以当名词来用,还有些动词可以派生出同义的名词,类似的例子有

  increase, jump, rise, growth, recovery, leap etc.

  另外提醒考生注意的是形容词与名词搭配结构,并不是每个形容词都能修饰表示增加意义的名词。比如说slow/steady/gradual就不能修饰jump或者leap。

  c.“介词短语”用在系表结构中表示持续上的过程。

  The number of applicants is on the rise.申请者的人数仍然在增加。

  The number of fulltime teachers was on the increase from 1963 to 1965.1963年到1965年,专职教师的人数在增加。

  ②在图表报告中表示“下降趋势”的句子结构及常用替换词汇。

  a.用“动词+副词”的结构

  The number of dropouts in the local school dropped slightly last year.当地学校的失学人数在去年略有下降。

  为了避免考生在图表报告中经常出现的词汇重点现象,我们将这类动词列举如下:

  decrease/decline/diminish drop/fall/plumed shrink etc.

  另外还有短语动词

  fall off/go down/reach as low as

  b.“形容词+名词”用在There+be句型中

  There was a steep fall in the sales volume last month.上个月销售额出现了急聚下降。

  There is a dramatic drop in the first quarter.第一季度下降非常明显。

  考生应当注意英语词性非常活跃,许多动词都可以直接当名词来用,还有一些动词的派生词也可以用在结构中。类似的例子有。

  decrease, drop, fall, decline, etc.“介词短语”用在系表表结构中表示持续下降的意思。

  The statistics show that the overseas investment was on the decline over the first half of this fiscal year.数据显示本财年度上半年海外投资规模一路走低。

  The exchange rate of USD over that of HKD is still on the decrease.美元对港元的汇率出现了持续疲软。

  ③图表报告中表示“持平,不变”的句子结构和常用替换词汇。

  a.短语动词level off是表示这一过程的理想选择

  The number of radio audience is on the rise between 6:30 and 8:00, and then levels off since 8:45.

  收音机的听众人数在早晨630800之间一直攀升,然后从845分起出现持平现象。这一短语同时可用作level out表示相同的意义。

  Inflation is finally reveling out at around 11% a month.通货膨胀最 地平在大约每月百分之十一的水准。

  b.系表结构也是写作中常用的结构(“半系动词+表示稳定意义的形容词”)

  remainstaykeep三人半系动词+same steady stable constant unchanged

  The divorce rate of the first three quarters in this county remains constant.

  (这个县的离婚率在前三个季度没有发生变化。)

  The growth rate of GDP in the U.S.A stayed basically unchanged over the recent three months.美国近三个月来的国内生产总值基本没有发生任何变化。

  c.there+be+ little no hardly any change结构表示变化不大或者没有变化。

  There was hardly any change in the number of cars sold from June to July.六、七两个月的轿车销售几乎没有出现任何变化。

  There was no change in the turnover rate of the company's stocks.该公司的股票交易量没有发生变化。

  ④图表报告中表示曲线图上最高点和最低点使用下列句型。

  The monthly

  The figure

  The situation peaked reached a peak ahigh point

  bottomed out

  reached rock the bottom

  a low (point) in December at 20%

  4.图表报告表示“数据比较”常用的句子结构和替换词汇。

  ①用than表示的比较级句型是中国考生首选的表达

  There were more males than females who have their higher education, respectively 10% for male and 5% for female.男子接受高等教育的人数比女子多,分别为男子百分之十,女子的百分之五。

  这里要提醒中国考生注意的是考生可以运用弱级比较来避免强级比较句型的重点使用比如:

  company A has more profit increase than Company B.完全可以用

  Company B has less profit increase than Company A.

  ②用as表示同等级的比较给中国考生提供了又一个选择。

  School A has approximately three times as many students as School B.

  (A校的学生人数几乎是B校学生人数的三倍。)

  ③用介词“to 表示比较对广大考生来说是避免重复,丰富表达的一个有效途径。

  Members of Group A are three years junior to those of Group B.

  (A组成员比B组成员年轻三岁。)

  其它类似的表达有:

  be superior inferior senior to;

   用动词直接表示比较是考生显示语言实力的有力武器。

  The advantages of using computers for outweigh the disadvantages.使用电脑的优点远远大于它的缺点。

  The male outnumbered the female four to one in higher education.男人接受高等教育的人数以41的比例超出了女人接受高等教育的人数。

  图表报告中比较常用的这类动词还有:

  outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outpace, outplay, outrun, outsell, outsize, out weigh注意:用现在完成时表示(读者)现在考虑的过去情况可能会造成混乱,如:“Acme Sports Cars monthly profit has fallen dramatically(Acme越野车公司的月利率已经急剧下降)Task 1中用一般过去时或过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内完成的动作,最好把这句话看成一条规则。如果曲线图、表格或线形图中的信息开始于过去或现在而且延续到将来的一段时间,你也需要用正确的语言表达将来可能发生的事。

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