雅思作文头脑风暴话题总汇
雅思写作的题目范围不会超过八大类别：“EIGHTS”.其中, E代表教育文化（Education&Culture）、经济（Economy）、和环境（Environment）, I代表国际交流（International Exchange）,G代表政府政治（Government）, H代表健康问题（Health）,T代表科技(Technology), S代表社会（Society）.在头脑风暴（brainstorming）的部分，我们以专题模块的形式展开，这样有利于对提醒类别的把握。
Module 1 Education
Topic 1 Overseas Study
Advantages:
1. New challenges, new opportunities, new experiences and new friends.
2.Receive a different education. Have easy access to the first-rate facilities and get oneself acquainted with the latest development in science and technology.
3.If you want to try something new or experience a new culture, this is the best time for you to take advantage of constructive years out and really have fun.
4. Overseas students are often described as more confident, independent, and worldly wise than their home land counterparts. These qualities will help you to stand out from the crowd.
5.Overseas study is now an immerse asset in the competitive job market. Some of the qualities gained from going abroad include greater global awareness, language learning, cross-cultural communication, enhanced independence, improved self-confidence and adaptability.
6.Studying abroad is the ideal chance to travel, make new friends, expand your horizons and learn more about both the world and yourself. It may help you to realize what you want to do in your career, plus you’ll have time to think about what you want to achieve. It also gives you responsibility, useful work experience and helps you to integrate with other people.
Disadvantages:
1. A outflow of talents, because many of them won’t return after graduation.
2.Suffer from psychological problems: loneliness, homesickness, disorientation, depression, and inferiority complex.
3.A great financial strain: costly tuition fee and higher living expenses. Managing on a limited budget is a challenge for most. Students may have to pay for education and living expenses, find a reasonable place to live and, in some cases, a part time job to supplement any scholarship or money from home.
4.Language barrier. Find it hard to follow the native speakers and can not quite understand what the teachers say in class. Even some of the students who have been educated in an English language school have problems communicating freely at university level.
5.Experience cultural shock for lack of adequate knowledge of the customs and the lifestyle of the local people. Differences in the style and traditions of learning between Western and Asian countries frequently cause difficulty.
6.Many overseas students find it difficult to adapt to western notions of independent thinking and learning. Students from some countries may also have difficulty because they lack experience in using well-equipped libraries and laboratories.
Topic 2 Tele-education
For:
1.Improve the flexibility of learning in terms of space, time, choice of content or teaching resources.
2.Open up vocational options for people who, for a variety of reasons, are unable to attend conventional training centers.
3.Very economical and save social resources because the administration is almost computerized.
4.For teachers, distance education is like tele-work which can provide a flexible work environment and offer reductions in commuting time, as well as with food and transportation cost. This can help overworked teachers to balance their work and personal lives, and help them become more productive.
5.Many on-line students find that distance education lets them control what they wish to learn, when they want and wherever they want. This further enhances its appeal to fit in with busy lifestyles.
6.Distance education can actually improve student learning motivation and interactivity. Studying in more flexible and friendly environments can improve the balance between student’s schoolwork and their lives, and reduce stress and absenteeism.
7.Distance education can also accommodate disabled students who often find it difficult to access educational opportunities.
8.The child has the advantage of working at his own speed without constant competition from other children.
Against:
1.Face-to-face contact can not be replaced. In traditional classroom, students and teachers can communicate directly and freely.
2.It may lead to some side-effects such as psychological problem like isolation, selfishness, self-centeredness, stubbornness.
3.Students receiving tele-education tend to be socially unadaptable, lacking the necessary interpersonal skills.
4.Students fail to cultivate teamwork spirit, cooperation and competition.
5.In traditional classroom, by discussing with the classmates and exchanging ideas with the teacher, students learn how to share the ideas or methods with each other and how to cooperate with each other to seek a better solution.
6.Some of the biggest downsides seem to be the potential for isolation, distraction and hindered social development. So some say they would be bored without this interaction, and furthermore, would find it hard to concentrate
Topic 3 Coeducation
For:
1.The adult world is made up of males and females, so should the school be. Coeducation helps one to better know his social role so that one can easily adapt to the outside world.
2.It offers a good chance for male and female students to better understand one another, thus removing illusions and wrong impression. There are many striking differences between males and females. By studying together in a same school, they can complement each other and learn from each other.
3.It is beneficial to the healthy psychological development. Many psychological and physiological problems confusing an adolescent student can be readily solved in a coeducational school.
4.Different thoughts based on different genders exchanged in class are helpful to the study.
5.The presence of the opposite sex helps refrain students from indecent behavior. According to the investigation conducted by some psychologists, students, both male and female, will pay more attention to their own speech and action with the presence of the opposite sex.
6.It is against the natural law to force students to study in an environment without the presence of the opposite sex. The more they are segregated from the opposite sex, the more curious they become about the opposite sex.
7.Schools should prepare children for life and the more the school imitate “real life” the better. The coed system makes children more socially adaptable.
8. Humans, male or female, work together to survive and exist. They require each other’s assistance to succeed. For students to succeed, they require coeducation.
Against:
1.Women in particular benefit from a single-sex education. Research shows that they participate more in class, develop much higher self-esteem, score higher in aptitude tests, are more likely to choose “male” disciplines such as science in college, and are more successful in their career.
2.Certain subjects are best taught in single-sex classrooms, such as sex education or gender issues.
3.Boys and girls distract each other from their education, especially in adolescence as their sexual and emotional sides develop.
4.There is possibility of puppy love. Some teenagers are precocious.
5.If you put girls and boys between 12 to 17 together in the same class, everything they do is going to be affected by the presence of the opposite sex.
6.Girls and boys differ fundamentally in the learning style they feel most comfortable with.
7.It should come as no surprise that teenage sex and unwanted teenage pregnancy are much more common at coed schools than at single-sex schools.
Topic 4 Part-time Job
Pros:
1.Help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility. Every job teaches responsibility.
2.Foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career.
3.Enhance one’s social awareness and help one become more socially adaptable. Working any type of a part-time job will prepare you for the real world.
4. Learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success.
5.Ease the financial strain of their family and at the same time one can enjoy a more colorful and interesting campus life with the hard-earned money. College is expensive and taking responsibility and getting a job to help pay for expenses is a good thing to do.
6. Widen one’s horizon. It is a real eye opener.
7. Spending time in college is not only about academics. It is also not only about the drinking and partying. College is about preparing yourself for the real world, and to make sure that you are ready to make decisions that will be necessary later on in life.
8. You should take into account the relationships that you will develop with your coworkers who can become your friends that will last for the rest of your life.
9. Another benefit of part-time work is the opportunity to expand your resume.
Cons:
1.Someone who is focused on school work may find that a job is simply taking away too much time from homework and studying.
2. On the negative side, a part-time can really interfere with your free time and cut into your studies.
3.It exerts a negative impact on one’s study because a part-time job occupies much valuable time of a student. A student’s sole task is to make good use of his limited time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career.
4. Students are not mature enough so that they are vulnerable to some social evils and may easily go astray. They can not distinguish right from wrong.
5. It is unavoidable that they will become money-oriented and sometimes are spiritually contaminated.
6. A bulging purse sometimes can easily turn one from knowledge learning to money pursuing.
7.Students who work a lot may lose sight of the reasons they are at the university-to be students, to learn, explore and have fun.
8.Although one may budget his time to get the homework done while working so many hours , his social life and grades may have suffered somewhat.
9. Their social experience may lead them to the false conception that it is no use receiving education at school. They may raise doubt about the necessity of a formal education.
Topic 5 School Violence
Present situation
1. There is definitely a problem with school violence today. The last several years have shown us that violence in our school is more common today than ever before.
2. In today’s society, the teenage population has experienced an increase in violence. The school shootings seem to be growing rapidly these days.
3.They create a disturbance, interfere with classroom instruction, and disrupt normal school operations.
4. Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. This has caused many problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the areas.
Causes
1.The causes of violence can be blamed on many things but one mainly is drugs and gangs.
2. The spread of gangs and drugs has also been implicated in the increasing violence of school youths.
3.The use of drugs in the general population has become a very serious problem in society and within the school system. Educators have identified drug use among students as one of the most significant problems that our schools face today.
4.Schools are often blamed for the ills of society, yet society has a major impact on our education system. The problems that schools are facing today are certainly connected to the problems that our society faces, including drugs, violence and the changing of our family structure.
5.Although many factors contribute to school violence, experts agree on at least two: breakdown of communication and availability of weapons.
6.Obsessions(困扰，分神) with things like violent games and TV shows lead to violent acts.
7.Some teenagers behave violently simply because they want to seem tough, feel independent or look cool.
8.Competition among fellow teens leads to jealousy and jealousy leads to violent acts.
9.There is excessive violence and pornography in mass media that is misleading, exaggerative and false. Teenagers are so immature, ignorant that they can hardly distinguish right from wrong and easily go astray.
10.Some children spend limited time with their families. They lack adequate emotional exchanges with their family members. They occupy themselves with activities that involve little social interaction, such as electronic games, television and the internet.
Solutions:
1.The school authorities should send the message that violence will not be tolerated in schools and severe measures will be implemented in order to curb it.
2.Young people should be taught how to manage anger and handle conflicts peaceably, and guns should be kept out of the hands of kids and treated as hazardous consumer products.
3.To make the schools safer, everyone can and must pitch in teachers, parents, students, policy makers, law enforcement officers and other concerned community residents.
Topic 6 University function
Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to students' future career; others think the true function of university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What's your opinion of the main function of university?
The significance of providing career related knowledge and skills:
• 1.One of the main functions of university is to prepare students for their future jobs. Otherwise, students will be unemployed on their graduation.
• 2.Universities need to keep pace with the development of the society where job hunting competition is becoming cruel.
• 3.There is a big shortage of specialized talents with related knowledge and skills in the talents market today.
The significance of access to knowledge for its own sake:
• 1.Providing students with knowledge should be the main principle of university education. Training students career related knowledge and skills will occupy too much time which should be used to gain fundamental knowledge.
• 2. University education should be academic oriented rather than career-oriented. Otherwise, high education can not be further developed in a long run.
• 3.It has been proved throughout the history that knowledge itself is the original power to promote human civilization and the advancement of society.
Topic 7 Unpaid Community Works
Some people believe that unpaid community works (eg. working in a charity organization; teaching sports to children) should become a compulsory part of high school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Pros:
• I. It is a good way to cultivate some special qualities and essential for students’ growing.
• II. This activity can enrich students’ school life and make it more colorful.
• III. Unpaid community works could improve the students’ social skills to adapt to the changing world well.
• IV. It can cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.
• V. It may cultivate the spirit of devotion.
Cons:
• I. When working more, problems such as a high stress level, illness and poor grades may afflict students.
• II. The works may cost lots of time which should be used to learn knowledge and techniques.
• III. The main function of high school is to teach students knowledge and skills. It’s not proper to force students to do unpaid community works as compulsory courses.
Topic 8 University Tuition Fees
Who should pay the costs for higher education: all paid by government, all paid by students, all paid by students using a loan and repaid after graduation. Compare the benefits and choose one you think best.
•Context
• Originally, UK students were supported by a maintenance grant from the government, which went towards payment for necessities such as food and accommodation. The last Conservative government replaced this system with a student loan, to be paid back after the student graduated and reached a set income. Tony Blair’s Labour government kept this loan, but added in a tuition fee for each student (currently £1050 per year ) to go towards the cost of their further education, which can be paid after the education, if necessary, in the same way as the loan. The introduction of tuition fees sparked a huge backlash, with many students refusing to pay them on principle. The proposition are therefore defending their introduction. The debate over which system preferable can often turn into a debate over whether university education is a right or a privilege. It should also be noted that many statistics can be produced by both sides for number of applications, percentage of applications by class etc, but as these are all for the very short term they may not be completely reliable.
•Pros:
Governments have only a certain amount of money to pay for services such as schools, hospitals and police. The core education, to which all are entitled is from five years of age to sixteen, and this is paid for by the state. University education is a privilege, not a basic right, and thus it is right for those who receive it to pay for it.
We live in a capitalist society where we pay for services that benefit us. The graduate benefits immensely from her further education by receiving a substantially higher salary than a non-graduate, so it is only right that she should pay for this advantage in life.
The system is entirely fair to students from different backgrounds, as the fees are only paid back when a certain salary is reached. Hence someone who fails to benefit from their education doesn’t apply for it.
At the moment, it could be persuasively argued that too many people are currently applying to university (around 35 % of all students). Obtaining a degree is simply not worthwhile for some people given their future employment plans, and the time could be spend far more constructively in actual work. Universities feel pressured to take as many people as possible, as they are funded per student, yet this is not always in the students’ best interest.
•Cons:
As countries become more developed, they need more highly-trained and skilled workforce. If this is the case, then the country in question should extend the ‘core education’ referred to by the proposition to cover university as well, on the basis that the county present prosperity allows an extension of the services the state supplies. Such funding would be well worth any increases in tax necessary to afford it.
When we consider questions of state funding, we must consider them from the viewpoint of society as a whole. If these graduates benefit society as a whole, for example by attracting more commerce using business skills learnt, or improving services with a medical degree, then it is only right that society should pay for these skills to be acquired. There are no individuals; all are part of a society, and it is this society that must be considered.
Contrary to the proposition’s claim, tuition fees discriminate enormously against those from poorer backgrounds, who are less able to get into debt. Even if they do choose to go to university, students who happen to have rich parents are at a huge advantage compared to those who have to pay the fee off themselves.
What sort of government presumes(推测）to decide on behalf of the public what career they should follow ? The proposition’s point screams elitism（精英主意）; people should be able to decide for themselves whether to take a degree or not. Besides, as a country becomes more developed, more skilled graduates are needed; the proposition by this argument are looking to stunt(阻碍）a nation’s growth.
1.In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this practice.
2.Some people think intelligent children should learn with others together, since it will benefit for everyone, while other people think intelligent children should learn separately, and also should get special treatment. Discuss both sides points and give your own opinion.
3.Some people believe children spending time on TV, video and PC games is good while others believe that is bad. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4.Schools offer a wide range of courses such as physical education, music, economics, philosophy, math, English，geography, physics and history. Among all these subjects, which one do you think is the most important and which one is the least important?
5.Some experts say that children’s studying English at primary school is better than their studying English at secondary school. Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
Module 2 Environment and Health
Topic 1 Littering/Rubbish Problem
n Present Situation
n1.The roads scattered with all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway lines are littered with decaying rubbish.
n2.One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials.
n3.The industrial waste is dumped into rivers without being filtered, thus contaminating the rivers and bringing great harm to the residents nearby.
n4.The household waste is thrown away onto the streets and takeaway food packaging is dumped in public places.
n5.People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for the environment.
n6.The natural resource will sooner or later be exhausted.
Causes:
n1. The significant increase in fast food and its aggressive marketing to a young audience is making a considerable impact on the litter stream.
n2.We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish of all kinds. For instance, not many dustbins are seen along streets.
n3. The quickening tempo of modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing rubbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposable items for the convenience’s sake.
n4.The eye-catching improvement of living standard and the remarkable development of science and technology also contribute to the increasing rubbish problem.
Solutions:
n1.Public activities should be sponsored by the government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver.
n2.Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.
n3.If Coco Cola, Mcdonald’s, Burger King and KFC were made to pay a “litter tax” if their packaging was found dumped in public places, it would give them more incentive to support recycling schemes. They would also be encouraged to keep their tax costs down by reducing the amount of packaging they use for their products and make their packaging out of more environmentally-friendly materials.
Topic 2 How to manage stress
The Present Situation and Its Effects
n1.Stress is your reaction to something you consider a challenge or a threat. Stress is a natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress.
n2.Stress-related disorders are a major cause of rapidly increasing healthcare costs.
n3.Stress can cause physical, emotional and behavioral disorders which can affect your health, vitality, peace-of-mind, as well as personal and professional relationships.
n4.Stressful life is characterized by the increasing rate of depression , mental disorder and suicide and the surprising rate of unemployment.
n5. Despite the highly developed material life, modern people are leading an unprecedented stressful life.
n6.Some stressed people begin to overeat or engage in other addicted behaviors. Some researchers feel that stress contributes to addictive behaviors. Individuals begin to use drugs as a way of relieving the anxiety and tension associated with stress and feel good.
Causes:
n1.You may feel the physical stress which is result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness.
n2.Stress can also be mental: when you worry about money, a loved one’s illness, retirement, or experience an emotionally devastating event, such as the death of a spouse or being fired from work.
n3.The divorce rate is on the sharp rise. It is believed that those undergoing divorce report a significant increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety. For many, divorce brings additional economic adversities and the stress of single parenting.
n4.Causes include excessive workloads and tension between coworkers.
n5.Life style: excessive caffeine, smoking, drinking, taking drugs, not enough sleep, trying to do too much.
n6. Negative thoughts: being pessimistic, self-critical.
n7.Your personality: type A, perfectionist, workaholic.
Solutions:
n1.While you can not escape these pressures, there are ways of handling the stresses.
n2.Be realistic. If you feel overwhelmed by some activities, learn to say NO! Eliminate an activity that is not absolute necessary. You may be take more responsibility than you can or should handle. Be ready to compromise.
n3. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minutes of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind.
n4.Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule your time to indulge your interest.
n5.Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alcohol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play.
n6. Go easy with criticism. You may expect too much of yourself and others. Try not to feel frustrated, disappointed or even trapped when other person does not measure up. Remember, everyone is unique, and has his own virtues, shortcomings, and right to develop as an individual.
n7. Talking about your problems is a good way of relieving stress. Choose someone you feel you can be open and honest with, and tell him about your problems.
n8.Schedule your time realistically. Don’t try to squeeze more work into a day than you can actually complete. Also, leave room for unexpected.
Topic 3 Animals
Some people think humans can exploit animals for any purpose that they need while others disagree. What is your opinion?
Against:
• 1. Animals suffer physically and mentally as human beings do.
• 2. It is inhuman to disrespect creatures that are not human beings and we should advocate equality.
• 3. It would be at high risk of depending on the results of animal experiment.
• 4.computers and technology have revolutionized the medical field. Cells, tissue, organ cultures and computer models can be used instead of animal testing.
• 5.Animal food like meat, can raise the risk for cancer because of the compounds found in it. Vegetarians don’t have to worry about heart disease associated with fat from red meat.
• 6.it is only acceptable to test human medicines on human beings if they give their consent. Nonhuman animals are never able to give such consent. It is therefore never acceptable to test medicines on perfectly healthy animals.
For:
• 1. Animals’ bodies are similar in function of human beings, thus the test of animals may be applied to humans.
• 2. It is crueler to test directly on people with little knowledge, so animal that assembles human is the best choice for experiment.
• 3. Through animal experiment we can develop medical treatment to protect not only human but also animals.
• 4. Animal research holds the key for solutions to AIDS, cancer, heart disease, aging etc.
• 5. It would be more immoral to risk the life of human being when a medicine or procedure could be tested on a non-human animal instead.
Topic 4 Global Warming & Energy Crisis
Many people believe that human activity is causing the earth’s temperature to rise. They say that this global warming will have dreadful consequences for our environment, such as drought and flooding. What should governments do to help prevent global warming? Give reasons for your suggestions.
Governments can:
1. support research:
encourage companies to develop vehicles that cause less pollution.
support alternative sources of electricity from wind and water rather than from oil and coal.
2. make laws that limit the amount of greenhouse gases that companies can emit.
3. it is important that governments involve individuals in the problem solving process
· Encourage households to save as much energy as possible by using more efficient light bulbs or less hot water.
·Encourage the public to recycle, and this should be compulsory for everyone
·spend money on public transport to make it as easy as possible for the public to save energy.
Module 3 Social Problems
Topic 1 Traffic Problem
Traffic is a very serious problem. The pedestrians and bicycle riders are more and more dangerous. Many gardens become sacrifices to highways. What are the best ways to make the citizens satisfied?
Solutions:
1. more and wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion
2. better transportation system, including building more subways and tunnels and underpass
3. impove the road facilities like computer monitoring system
4. issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator
5. reduce access to parking lot, raise the expense of owing a private car and levy higher taxes on car owners.
6. maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads
7. adopt the rule that odd-numbered vehicles are allowed to run only on odd dates and even-numbered cars on even dates.
8.
Topic 2 City Expansion
causes Extensive use of farming machinery Rapid development of public facilities The gap between cities and countryside ? Government policy in designing and planning of the cities
Nowadays, the maps of cities are updated frequently. With the development of city, more and more suburbs become parts of the city. When the cities in the world are amplifying constantly, people discuss the topic hotly, the causes and consequence of the enormous cities. Different people have different answers by their respective views.
In my opinion, the evolution of society and the development of economy result in the growth of the vast size of cities. Since the number of population in every city is increasing continually, people need a large amount of space to live in. With the progress of the technology, the output of crops rises sharply. Fewer and fewer farmers are required, as a result, more and more villages urbanize. The growth of the cities brings us many huge changes.
There are more job opportunities in the cities. For instance, China will hold the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. The government is amplifying the size of Beijing to build new gyms in order to hold it excellently. Obviously, people in the cities could gain a lot of new jobs.
Of course, the enormous size of cities also has bad effects. Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world with the amplification of the cities. For example, the poisonous gas sent off by factories and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. Water waste keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as a result, many water species are dying out. Furthermore, more people the city have, more rubbish we can find.
In a word, since each coin has two sides, we should be acquainted clearly with the reasons why the size of the cities has grown enormously and what it will bring us. Thus, we could make full use of the positive effects and overcome the negative effects.
Topic 3 SOHO
Benefits to employees Less stress and more relaxation Spare everyday chore of traveling Dedicate more time to family
Benefits to employer Boost employees’ morale and productivity Stronger motivation and more innovative ideas Cut down the overhead cost No bother in absence and sick leaves
Many people work at home using modern technology today. Some people think only workers benefit from it, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Progressions in telecommunications technology have enabled the practice of telecommuting, which means workers can conduct their assigned tasks without having to commute back and forth to work regularly. This emerging working pattern has profound implications on our work and life. Some assert that only workers, not the employers, can be beneficiaries of telecommuting. Personally, I cannot go along with their view.
Granted, telecommuting can bestow（给予）numerous benefits upon the employees. To begin with, employees do not have to live with the constant fear that their boss may look over their shoulders, as their work is supervised from far away and in more leisure fashions. There is no need for them to get super well-groomed（打扮，整洁）and they can "slack off"（松懈）a bit when the work-induced stress is too intense to bear. They can even do aerobics(有氧运动) or take showers to refresh themselves provided they can meet the deadline set by their bosses. Furthermore, telecommuting can spare workers the everyday chore of traveling back and forth to work. And this, in turn, helps them to cut down on costs of bus fare, fuel or extravagant work clothes. Lastly, telecommuters can dedicate far more time to their spouse and offspring than office-bound workers. This can, doubtless, strengthen their family ties or may even salvage dysfunctional households.
Yet it would be erroneous if we fail to acknowledge the advantages telecommuting can confer on the employers. In the first place, less constraints, less peer pressure at work, no office politics and more flexible schedules can boost employee morale and enhance productivity. Empirical evidence abounds in this respect that more occupational freedom can, more often than not, lead to stronger vocational motivation and more innovative ideas. Hence, employers may well be better off not keeping tabs on their workers nine to five every weekday. In the second place telecommuting work force can help business-owners substantially curtail the overhead costs, such as the costs of rent and utilities. Thirdly, the fact that workers can telecommute via the worldwide communications network allows employers to recruit people from remote locations or even half way around the globe, thereby markedly augmenting the labor pool of businesses. Last but not least, employers will not be plagued by petty concerns such as absenteeism and excessive sick leaves anymore if workers telecommute.
To conclude, I concede that telecommuting can bring about a variety of boons to employees. However, it would be unjustifiable if we overlooked the advantages telecommuting can spawn on the employers' side. And we should strive to seek out the most effective approach to exploit this win-win situation.
Topic 4 Job Hopping
Pros
1. moving from job to job every couple of years is looked upon as a way upward in responsibility quickly and keep skills fresh and up to date.
2. new skills, more money, good experience and increased confidence come with each jump for the job hopper.
3. many large companies have massive annual recruitment drives to restock on talent. This ensures that these companies have new blood coming in.
4. job-hopping is more acceptable in the high-tech world , where things change rapidly, than in other industries.
5. job-hopping helps to branch out and broaden one’s horizon.
6. the frequent job switching gives applicants in this field a diverse mix of experience, which is appealing to employers.
Cons
1. if you were a chronic job-hopper, people may be questioning your integrity and loyalty.
2. many employers watch out for a lack of continuity in a job-hopper’s resume.
3. people who skip from job to job are looked on as being unstable and somehow untrustworthy.
4. employers don't like to see resumes filled with short-term jobs. They would rather hire a person who has commitment and devotion to an employer.
5. workers who change jobs merely for an increase in salary should forsake their short term view and look for job satisfaction which comes from staying long enough with an organization to make an impact on as well as to learn from the experience.
Topic 5 Mass Media
People think that the news media have influenced people’s lives nowadays, which is a negative development of the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In recent years, more and more advertisements have been flooding into our lives. Some advertisements exert negative effects on the youth. Therefore some people suggest that advertisements be banned. Do you agree or disagree with this?
Misleading and causing confusion |
Bring inconveniences (junk mails, interruption in TV programs) |
Disastrous impact on literacy |
agree |
disagree Promote the exchanges of information Enable people to catch up with the advance Not only industry but art
In this day and age, news media, be it radio or TV, newspapers or Internet, have played an indispensable role in our daily life. It is reported that over 86% of people access updated information via mass media, which is manifest not only in urban areas, but in rural ones. But there arises a debatable issue over whether the news media are a curse to our daily life.
Doubtless, mass media have developed with leaps and bounds, rendering up-to-date information accessible to people. News programs are a case in point. With news agencies well knitted, we are, on a nearly secondly basis, well informed of matters concerning what is going on in the world, how to prevent the epidemic, why the two nations are on such hostile terms. Moreover, news media, to a large extent, play a supervisory role, food quality report serving as a convincing example. Being aware of the fake and substandard food fluxing into market, detriment to health has become the prior concern among consumers. Consequently, the report by news media could effectively curb such fake manufacturing.
Despite the merits, it is erroneous if we regard it flawless. Above everything else, false report is a blameworthy way to mislead audience. Bribery, a common practice among officials, top ones in particular, is largely concealed in media. In addition, to violate privacy is also a mischievous behavior. of some reporters. To attract eye balls and create somesensational effects, news agencies are used to spying on private life or tragic stories of people, irrespective of feelings of victims. It is no exaggeration to say their disguised “so-called” justice proves to be a trauma to the people concerned. Worst of all, social evils and ills are magnified by news media, leaving audience pessimistic about their surroundings. Violence, being bleeding or murdering, colliding or crashing, conveys a strong sense of insecurity to viewers, engendering more chaos and hindering the social advance eventually.
In conclusion, I am convinced that news media are not to blame. The key lies in how to use them and what they are used for. What we should bear in mind is how to make use of them to create a wholesome societal, communal and familial environment for people.
Topic 6 Crime
Juvenile Delinquency
The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modern society. More and more people are paying special attention to it. There are mainly three causes of this problem-the negative influence of mass media, young people's tendency to be rebellious and high divorce rates.
The first reason of the high rates of juvenile delinquency is thenegative influence of commercialized mass media.Publishers of books or programs producers are more concerned with profits than with the quality. Thus books or movies may have negative effects on children. Take obscene books and violence movies as examples. They are very dangerous to children. Once the children are exposed to violence or bad and dirty ideas are introduced into their mind, there will be lifelong harm. Some young children watch hours of murders, fights and crimes every week, with no adult to tell them that life is not like that most of them. The effect of the heavy does of violence is to suggest to children that violence is an ordinary way of life, and that shooting and cheating are ways to succeed. Such a misbelief usually leads them to a wrong way in near future.无忧雅思网*fp‑G{%w
The second reason of high rates of juvenile crime is thatmodern youth are more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and beliefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They are reluctant to listen to the advice from elder generation. If they behave in the way as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it.
The third significant factor of juvenile crime isthe increasing number of single-parent families. Studies show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Children in single-parent families are taken less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society.
There are several ways to prevent the youth from committing crimes. Firstly,school educationplays an important role to teach traditional beliefs. Secondly, the present situation also calls for a control and supervision on the mass media. Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children in to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Thirdly,mutual understanding between parents and childrenis also very important. Parental supervision and guidance are a key factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family education.
Should criminals be sent to a jail or let them do something else as punishment instead of sending into a jail? Why and give your reasons.
There has long been controversy concerning the objectives of the justice system. Sending criminals to a prison seems to be a justified punishment for damages inflicted to victims or society. But currently an increasing number of people goes with the option that criminals should be given appropriate amount of community services as a substitute of correction measures.无忧雅思网u
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Topic 7 Aging Problem
Companies should encourage old employees (55 years old) to retire, in order to give opportunities to the new generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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g0Vh0[)M*PgThe main reason is that plenty of young employees mean that the company is infused with lots of young blood. With the development of technology, more and more new technological products have been developed. The new generation masters advanced technology and have the energy to exploit. They have learned lots of knowledge in the university; therefore it is definitely useful for the development of companies.
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Last but not the least reason is that old employees have already worked for more than half of their lifetime, so they should retire to enjoy life. The old employees have already paid out too much in order to look after their families and careers. So they should pursue their hobbies.
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Hv*CIIn conclusion, old employees shouldn’t continue working for themselves. Moreover, advancement of society needs a new generation.
Module 4 Tradition and Culture
Topic 1 Tourism and Local Culture
Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?无忧雅思网Jl!Z(P&C)rA
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The people holding the latter view suppose that tourists are likely to offend the local people because of the lack of knowledge of the local customs, which differ from their own. Moreover, tourism inevitably harms the natural resources and the cultural legacy, which may lead to the resentment of the local people.无忧雅思网-Z
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However, I can hardly assent to this idea: the above mentioned rarely happens. In my opinion, international tourism does encourage the understanding between people from different countries. For one thing, without going to see for themselves, people may never know what other countries are really like and thus can be misled by hearsay or films and TV programmes, which, more often than not, are one-sided. For instance, one of my American friends told me that most Americans had a strange bias against the Russian people until some young Americans traveled to Russia and saw with their own eyes that the Russians are human beings just like them. Another example is that, with the development of Chinese tourism, people outside China start to realize that Chinese men no longer have long braids and Chinese women’s feet are of normal size now. Secondly, having seen the fine scenery or experienced the rich culture of other countries, tourists will have the desire to develop a good relationship with the locals, which certainly contributes to the understanding between them.
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In conclusion, instead of causing tension, international tourism furthers the understanding of people from different countries. (281 words)
Topic 2 Art无忧雅思网"s\2|9[fBS
Some people think that the government should provide assistance to all kinds of artists includes painters, musicians, poets, however, other people think that is a waste of money for providing this assistance. State your opinion.
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zW{/[}.hWhile the other large group of artists is neither rich nor famous, they do continue to produce the art works as for the passion and often the passion is what drives them. It would be ridiculous to think that any kind of financial incentives could power their creativity. However, not many of them are able to take up their passion on a full time basis because they cannot afford to. It is import to note that most creative artists are made, and were not born so. It is the vagaries of life & struggles that they have to face which fuels their creativity, in the process they need to mature into renowned to be an artist or a writer. When they do and when their work is recognized, there will not be any dearth of money or fame. 无忧雅思网n _.X6d/Wj
'xw5AP2} L;J4M#{{In my opinion, it would be criminal to take away this very drive and shun their creativity. Having said that, I do believe that they need to have some kind of incentives, it can be in the way of appreciation and opportunity to present their talent to the rest of the world. This could be done in various ways, for instance, giving tax incentives to amateur artists and writers or financial rebates in government owned auditoriums to stage their presentations.
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Topic 3 Architecture
Government should protect culture. Therefore, some people believe that new building should be built in traditional style. Do you agree or disagree?
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Many old buildings are protected by law because they are part of a nation's history. However, some people think knocked down to make way for new ones because people need houses and offices. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress?
X[1]tG^ g/D.u MtOld buildings sometimes conflict with economic advancement. Appealing as it is for business people, the idea of tearing down old architectures to clear the way for real-estate development is unsound in many ways.
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The primarily reason is that old buildings, like native language, form a cultural identity and keep a unique record of a country. So old buildings are culturally valuable to a nation. For instance, courtyard residence of Beijing, Siheyuan, was once seen as the remains of the Old World, and was destroyed shortly after the founding of People’s Republic of China. But their economic values and aesthetic appeals have just caught the attention of Chinese people. Not until recently have people and policy makers realized that this is an inexcusable crime because old buildings, once gone, are not restorable.
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7ew‑l TGr9OfMoreover, old buildings, if planed and preserved properly, could actually contribute to businesses. In France, aged buildings amaze thousands of tourists, bringing millions of dollors of revenue for the government Yet no one thinks the high-rising office buildings and condos make the old architectures a sore of the eye. By contrast, new buildings incorporate many elements of the old and classic to be unique and more attractive to modern people.
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5K-b8v#J~,BQ)n[1]i }FWe are not advocating equal treatment to all old buildings, indeed and some do need to be torn down for safety reasons. But we should not be blind to see their worth. If only taking consideration of short-term b123fits, the country will be sorry for its loss in years to come.无忧雅思网‑q)j$D%H s0F[1]c
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As we have discussed, old buildings are part of a country’s history and are valuable in many ways. We should plan well and be wise to see such values. But at the same time, we should also do our best to find solutions to make the old and the new coexist in harmony.
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Topic 4 Culture and Language
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What are the reasons for losing a variety of languages and culture?
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Topic 5 Culture Shock
到国外的人应该accept the new culture，还是form a separate minority with different values and lifestyle.
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Many people claim that people living in a new country should accept the new culture and adapt to their new environment. To begin with, by accepting the new notions and lifestyle, you can easily survive and enjoy a comfortable life and be well adaptable. Moreover, it is a necessity for overseas students to adapt to the new culture and society, because it may impose an adverse influence on their living and study if they cannot be socially adaptable. Furthermore, to form a separate minority may bring out negative outcomes such as hostility and resentment. It will undoubtedly exert a negative impact on relationship between people from different nations.无忧雅思网:QrR9D7E
b"a:Hd‑Wx2ANSome other people, however, strongly hold that it is necessary to form a group with their own values and lifestyle for several sound reasons. Firstly, they are in a foreign country and are actually a minority with little power, many of which even have no equal rights. Therefore, it is wise for them to join together to enhance their strength to cope with social problems. Secondly, by helping each other in the group, people can more easily adapt to the new community and society and lead a better life. Thirdly, students in a new environment may more or less have physical or psychological problems, so it is helpful for students to get together to help each other.无忧雅思网
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From the above discussion, we can see that there is actually some truth in both statements. Personally, I am in favour of the former view. Adaptability is an important quality for people especially students who are going abroad to further their education. After all, even if you form a separate minority, you still have to accept the new culture and adapt to the new settings.
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Module 5 Science and Technology Development
Topic 1科技发展与其问题
Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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Some of the most obvious problems caused by technological advances lie in the IT industry. At a time when we did not have computers and electronic bank services, people took money with them and paid by cash. If they were stolen, only the amount they had with them was lost. But now credit cards are more commonly used in shopping malls and other places, crimes again us have become more serious and caused greater losses to people. A thief may tape the code of your credit card and make a copy of it. Then he could safely withdraw all your money from an ATM machine. Crimes such as this are very sticky to solve because there is no witness and the surveillance cameras give little help to the police.
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*o3`P$M}EP$B)qIn conclusion, developments in many fields of our life have brought us both benefits and problems. Developments in the banking industry give us greater convenience but making us targets of computer-based theft. Changes in media industry expose young people to inappropriate information difficult for parent’s control. However up until now, we have not successfully found permanent solutions yet.
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Leisure becomes a growing industry. People no longer used to entertain themselves as before because modern technology made them not any more. To what extent do you agree or disagree?无忧雅思网:ilT3O^5`
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R6kULeisure industry is now growing faster than ever. But with modern technology finding its way into every household, people have changed the way they entertain themselves.
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To begin with, teenagers are spending increasingly longer hours playing computer games. Computer game first made its appearance in China more than fifteen years ago. Back then, it was expensive because children had to play in arcades lined with huge coin-operated machines. But now millions of families own computers or game stations. Game titles are widely available for people of different age. Moreover, computer games are more fun and affordable. So while children in the past read books or played dirt war and ball games, children now choose to sit in front of computers playing games. In fact, they have become so obsessed with computer games that this has now become a social problem of a global scale.
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Finally, technology itself aims to change people’s entertainment. Now very few of us have ever watched an opera or concert in a theater because it is more time consuming and, more importantly, expensive. But with the invention of movie, people started to switch to movie houses. TV then replaces movie as the number one entertainment, which has been caught up by computer-based pastime activities like Internet surfing.无忧雅思网n!|y"yj)y&u$M!}+J
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Topic 3机器人的利弊
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For centuries, people have fantasized that someday machines could have intelligence like mankind and work as faithful servants. Today this dream has come true in many fields thanks to rapid development in artificial intelligence research. Wonderful as this seems, machines have problems.无忧雅思网:~*A!p[1]k \6za
{J3{ J6ooTo begin with, people lose jobs when machines take their places, especially in the mass production industry such as automobile business. In factories of the famous car company Ford, almost every step of car making is done by giant robots that work faster with higher reliability and precision than human labor. Because of the adoption of robots, thousands of workers are put out of their old jobs and forced to make changes in their work. Even such changes create job opportunities because robots need people to take care of and operate, the number of new jobs is much smaller than that of lost, thus causing huge pressure on the labor market and government.
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People become less smart because of the wide use of machines in their life. Nowadays people need to use their brain less than they did in the past. Everything is programmed and the only thing we need to do is to push a button or throw on a switch. This has given us great convenience but made us lazier and less smart. Everyone has the awkward moment troubling with the spelling of a simple word when writing with a pen. But with a computer, it will automatically proofread the spelling and grammar of your writing. So people become less concerned with learning things right. This is not a progress but a regress of our intelligence and culture.无忧雅思网/n'uwQ0Q
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无忧雅思网j)nR-B[1]z[YTopic 4现代通讯和信件
More and more people using mobile phone and computer to instead of letters. Will letter disappear completely? Agree or disagree? How important of letter writing you think are?无忧雅思网8j%o‑{ S7g w+x1a
无忧雅思网0m _ _[1]yK q W(xMobile phone and computer have filled the shoes of letters as primary means of communication in our life. Technology enables us to get in touch with each other with unparalleled speed and convenience. But as the oldest and one of the most cherished ways of communication, letter will maintain its presence people’s life instead of disappearing completely.
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Topic 5 Computer Vs Library
Contain public libraries is a waste of money, because computer technology is already replaced its function. Do you agree or disagree?无忧雅思网J#U d?b] D$V%R
? l$t#f5n‑`While this statement is true for most of dot.com generations as they are easy to find relevant web articles, they do need the knowledge for goofing (internet surfing) to be able to search the information in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. However, imagine that one neither have computer skill nor IT knowledge, this statement may be too harsh for them.
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The main purpose for a public library is not only borrowing books but also to serve the community’s needs, such as, book club, read hard copy of magazines and newspapers, senior’s getting together. This benefit provides by the public libraries in our society should not be underestimated.
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irThe computer technology has no doubt at all replaced most of function, that is, we can read books from the academic database; newspapers and publishes from almost everywhere, this means that we do not need many hard copies and environment friendly for the earth. However I am not so much convinced that public libraries can replace other functions that we need other than providing information or books.无忧雅思网
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The important issue we need to recognize is that there are not many population who can use computer to serve their needs, and even may not afford to own a computer. Some of them are using the public libraries for reading the large print books; others are coming to relax for reading magazines with friends; and the others may just come for a cool spot in a hot summer. 无忧雅思网@
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Governments in the world are trying to improve nations’ lifestyle in every aspects, in this case, how can it be satisfactory to say that take away a public library by replacing a computer is improving our quality life. (282 words)
Topic 6 Computers Vs Teachers
Computers are widely used in education，and some people think teachers do not play any important roles in the classroom. To what extent do you agree?
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2. Teachers have different approaches to teaching different students and will adjust the content or style of teaching according to the needs of different students. However computers only have fixed programs.无忧雅思网8o`kEz.R
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Teachers will teach students about such virtues as love, honesty, moral integrity and friendship etc.
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9SB#t!uH4RA _ W!^4. Computers are machines after all and machines break down sometimes. If students depend too much on computers for studying, they will feel at a loss when these machines go wrong and don not work properly
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5. Learning and teaching is a highly interactive process. Different students will have different questions during different stages of teaching and learning. And the teachers will have to answer them accordingly and in different ways. But computer programs are pre-designed by programmers without knowing all the varying circumstances during real teaching and learning and therefore cannot give satisfactory answers to all these questions.
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t?‑^Yt C yi U6zFTeachers can use computers as a very good aide in the classroom for presenting multimedia files. Teachers and computers can co-exist in the classroom peacefully. Teachers and computers can be a perfect match in the classroom. For example, in a listening lab equipped with computers, students will be able to record the listening materials in a CD-Rom and then take home to listen more.
Topic 7 Private Cars
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With the fantastic spur both in industry and in economy in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But there have been two quite different views on this phenomenon.
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Cji‑ca:iU VY However, others strongly object to the increase in developing private cars. They hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic congestion so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.无忧雅思网x g
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(mY W/JD8Wc In my opinion, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Traffic accidents kill thousands and thousands of people each year and cripple more. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore I am against developing private cars.
Topic 8 Space Research
Money should be invested in space research or improving the condition of people in earth
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Mankind must always struggle to expand its horizons. The desire to know what lies beyond current knowledge, the curiosity that constantly pushes at the boundaries of our understanding, is one of our noblest characteristics. The exploration of the universe is a high ideal - space truly is the final frontier. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most amazing achievements have taken place in space. No-one can deny the sense of wonder, world-wide, when for the first time a new man-made star rose in the sky, or when Neil Armstrong first stepped onto the moon. Space exploration speaks to that part of us which rises above the everyday.
High ideals are all well and good, but not when they come at the expense of the present. Our world is marred by war, famine, and poverty; billions of people are struggling simply to live from day to day. Our dreams of exploring space are a luxury they cannot afford. Instead of wasting our time and effort on macho prestige projects such as the space programme, we must set ourselves new targets. Once we have addressed the problems we face on Earth, we will have all the time we want to explore the universe; but not before then. The money spent on probes to distant planets would be better invested in the people of our own planet. A world free from disease, a world where no-one lives in hunger, would be a truly great achievement.
The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites orbiting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on different continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world. The Global Positioning System allows us to pinpoint our location anywhere in the world. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse conditions, and together with other scientific instruments in orbit they have helped us understand our own world better. Research into climate change, for example, would be almost impossible without the data provided by satellites.
Satellite technology has of course had a beneficial effect on our world. However, there is a huge difference between launching satellites into Earth orbit, and exploring space. Missions to other planets, and into interstellar space, do not contribute to life on our planet. Moreover, satellites are largely commercial - they are launched by private companies, and are maintained by the profits which they lead to. True space exploration could never be commercial, and requires huge government subsidies - the Voyager missions alone cost just under $1 billion. This money could be much better spent elsewhere.
Space exploration has also led to many indirect benefits. The challenge and difficulty of the space programme, and its ability to draw on some of the finest minds, has brought about great leaps in technology. The need to reduce weight on rockets led to miniaturisation, and so to the micro-chip and the modern computer. The need to produce safe but efficient power-sources for the Apollo missions led to the development of practical fuel-cells, which are now being explored as a possible future power-source for cleaner cars. The effects of zero-gravity on astronauts has substantially added to our knowledge of the workings of the human body, and the ageing process. We can never know exactly which benefits will emerge from the space programme in future, but we do know that we will constantly meet new obstacles in pursuit of our goals, and in overcoming them will find new solutions to old problems.
These spin-off advantages could come from any ‘blue-sky’ project - they are a result of the huge amounts of money and manpower devoted to the space programme, giving people the resources they need to solve problems, rather than a result of the programme itself. For example, many of the leaps forward in miniaturisation were in fact the result of trying to build better nuclear missiles; this is not a good reason to continue building nuclear weapons. It would be far better to devote similar resources to projects with worthier goals – for example cancer research, or research into renewable energy sources. These too could have many spin-off benefits, but would tackle real problems.
Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly running out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide threat. In this position, it would be foolish to ignore the vast potential of our own solar system – mining resources on asteroids or other planets, or even the possibility of colonising other worlds. If we fail to continue to develop the ability to take advantage of these possibilities, we may in the future find it is too late.
Space exploration is a waste of resources. If we wish to tackle the problems of over-population, or of the depletion of resources, we must deal with them on the Earth instead of chasing an elusive dream. There are practical ways in which we can deal with the problems of our planet, and we must pursue them with all the resources and all the political will we have available.
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